Mashq Square (میدان مشق)
Many urban development measures undertaken after 1307 SH/1928 CE were part of a comprehensive urban-planning scheme prepared for the reconstruction of Tehran (تهران), modeled on European cities of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
Among these measures were the following:
The construction of new façades along the southern frontage of Topkhaneh Square (میدان توپخانه) and the conversion of Mashq Square (میدان مشق) into the National Garden (باغ ملی) in 1307 SH, followed by its transformation into an administrative complex, beginning around 1312 SH/1933 CE;
The conversion of the old cemetery next to Amin al-Sultan Square (میدان امینالسلطان) into Ferdows Garden (باغ فردوس) in 1307 SH;
The construction of new façades around Hassanabad Square (میدان حسنآباد) in 1307 SH;
The beginning of an extensive program to widen streets and construct traffic circles at their intersections, starting in 1307 SH/1928 CE;
The construction of Cyrus (سیروس), Khayyam (خیام), and Buzarjomhri (بوذرجمهری) streets through the old, densely built-up areas within Tehran’s First Enclosure (حصار اول تهران), beginning in 1307–1308 SH;
The filling of the moat surrounding the city and the construction of broad, straight streets in its place; and
The construction of Karaj Water Boulevard (بلوار آب کرج), later known as Elizabeth Boulevard (بلوار الیزابت) and today as Keshavarz Boulevard (بلوار کشاورز), in 1311 SH/1932 CE.
The latter was only one section of the virtual enclosure and green transportation artery envisioned in the plan that was ultimately implemented.
